{"id":3263,"date":"2025-12-23T03:49:55","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T03:49:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/?p=3263"},"modified":"2026-01-09T12:54:22","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T12:54:22","slug":"merry-christmas-peruvian-style-lima-style","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/en\/merry-christmas-peruvian-style-lima-style\/","title":{"rendered":"Merry Christmas in Lima, Peru"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0013.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0013.webp 866w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0013-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0013-768x511.webp 768w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0013-550x365.webp 550w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Christmas arrived in Peru with the Spanish conquest \u2014 or invasion. It was during those uncertain and confusing times that the idea began <strong>to spread of a God who was Father, Son and Holy Spirit<\/strong>. An all-powerful and ever-present God who sent his firstborn, Jesus,<strong> to save humanity from sin and guide<\/strong> it towards <strong>eternal life<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And although the <strong>Bible does not mention the exact date of this extraordinary event<\/strong>, in the 4th century \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/historia.nationalgeographic.com.es\/edicion-impresa\/articulos\/constantino-conversion-emperador_20175\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Emperor Constantine<\/a> and Pope Julius I decided to celebrate the birth of Jesus at a time that coincided with <strong>Rome\u2019s most popular festivities,<\/strong> in order to encourage conversion\u201d, according to an article on the origins of Christmas published on the <a href=\"https:\/\/historia.nationalgeographic.com.es\/a\/origenes-navidad_6901\">National Geographic<\/a> website.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the piece entitled \u201cA pagan festival of Ancient Rome gave rise to Christmas as we know it\u201d, it is explained that, in the early days of Christianity, several celebrations took place in December. These came from ancient <strong>Roman religion, Jewish traditions,<\/strong> Persian Mazdeism and even Nordic beliefs, and <strong>were mostly linked to the winter solstice<\/strong> in the northern hemisphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_1331.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_1331.webp 866w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_1331-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_1331-768x511.webp 768w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_1331-550x365.webp 550w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Constantine\u2019s intention, as <strong>the Roman emperor who legalised Christianity<\/strong>, was to \u201c<strong>layer Christian practices over older ones<\/strong>\u201d. For this reason, <strong>\u201c25 December was established to commemorate the birth of Jesus\u201d<\/strong>. That is the origin of Christmas \u2014 a universal celebration whose name comes from <strong>the Latin word <em>nativitas<\/em><\/strong>, meaning birth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Back in colonial Peru, this major Catholic <strong>celebration began to be observed following Spanish customs<\/strong>. Little by little, however, nativity scenes, songs and <a href=\"https:\/\/bicentenario.gob.pe\/de-chiclayo-huaraz-como-los-villancicos-han-pasado-a-ser-parte-de-las-fiestas-peruanas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">carols<\/a>, and even the food served at Christmas dinner, started to change. This process of <strong>cultural and religious syncretism<\/strong> gave Christmas a more distinctly local and Peruvian character.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Little Manuelito<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_1334.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3184\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_1334.webp 866w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_1334-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_1334-768x511.webp 768w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_1334-550x365.webp 550w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/peru\/2024\/12\/21\/como-celebran-los-peruanos-la-navidad-tradiciones-y-actividades-de-nochebuena-en-todo-el-pais\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">A Peruvian Christmas<\/a> \u2014 Andean and mestizo, coastal and Amazonian. Changes, many changes; so many that even <strong>Jesus \u201cstopped being Jesus and became the Child God, Tayta Dios or Manuelito<\/strong>\u2026 and not only that: through his contact with the Andes <strong>his skin darkene<\/strong>d, his curls did too, <strong>he became more mischievous<\/strong> and grew rosy-cheeked from playing so much under the sun\u201d, as I once wrote in a text I keep in my files.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When I was a child, and <strong>Father Christmas was still a secondary figure<\/strong> at Christmas, my parents would have me <strong>write a little letter to the Child God<\/strong>. In that note, written with the letters I had only just learned to trace, I would put the name and description of the toy I wanted as a gift. When I finished, I wouldn\u2019t place it under a plastic tree, but <strong>at the feet of the Apus in the nativity scene<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes, because in Peru \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rumbosdelperu.com\/cultura\/10-12-2018\/historias-navidad-nino-jesus-andino\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Manuelito\u201d, or the Child of the Thorn<\/a>, is born among sacred mountains, among<a href=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourcusco.org\/en\/peru-the-country-of-the-apus-sacred-mountains\/\"> protective mountains<\/a>. That is one of the differences from the original nativity inspired by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aciprensa.com\/noticias\/102409\/800-anos-del-primer-pesebre-de-la-historia-inspirado-por-san-francisco-de-asis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Saint Francis of Assisi<\/a> in 1223, in the town of Greccio, Italy. That scene showed only <strong>Jesus\u2019 family, an ox, a donkey<\/strong> and a group of shepherds from Bethlehem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0051.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0051.webp 866w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0051-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0051-768x511.webp 768w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0051-550x365.webp 550w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It goes without saying that in Peru \u2014 and in Lima in particular \u2014 many additional figures were incorporated. In a text I found in my files it is noted that \u201c<strong>the first nativity scenes<\/strong> in the Peruvian capital were made by <strong>skilful artisans from Huancayo, Huamanga and Cusco<\/strong>; they took on clearly national features, and were crafted using <strong>wood, Huamanga stone and even scraps of cloth<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Little by little, in the homes of old Lima, the Three Wise Men began to appear, along with other characters such as <strong>the <em>tamales <\/em>seller<\/strong>, the baker, the ice-cream vendor or the jasmine seller. The inventiveness was such that even the woman <strong>who ironed the Child\u2019s nappies<\/strong> was included. <strong>Biblical scenes were also recreated<\/strong>, such as the Flight into Egypt, Noah\u2019s Ark and the Sacrifice of Abraham.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Enjoy your meal<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0023.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0023.webp 866w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0023-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0023-768x511.webp 768w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0023-550x365.webp 550w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Times gone by, times long past. <strong>Christmas today is more globalised<\/strong>. There are trees topped with tufts of artificial snow \u2014 an absurdity, considering that in Lima it barely rains at the best of times \u2014 reindeer, sleighs and an abundance of multicoloured lights. <strong>Santa Claus, or Father Christmas, is now as important as, or even more important than, the Christ Child<\/strong>, and gifts have come to replace or overshadow prayers and carols.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This process of change is nothing new. Back in 1935, the writer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biografiasyvidas.com\/biografia\/g\/galvez_berrenechea.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Jos\u00e9 G\u00e1lvez Barrenechea<\/a> lamented that <strong>\u201cthe days of the traditional Christmas Eve<\/strong>\u2026 all that colourful, genuinely homely charm <strong>was transformed by growing cosmopolitanism<\/strong>, thus robbing our Christmas festivities of their distinctive character\u201d. Clear and forceful words, published in his book Estampas Lime\u00f1as.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evocative and perhaps even nostalgic, G\u00e1lvez \u2014 born in the Andean city of Tarma in 1885 and who died in Lima in 1957 \u2014 recalled that \u201c<strong>the celebrations for the birth of Jesus began on 7 December<\/strong>, with a tribute to the Immaculate Conception. On the 13th, the feast of Saint Lucy, <strong>the \u2018little wheats\u2019 were sown, an essential feature of any nativity scene<\/strong> worthy of the name. On the 15th, the novena of aguinaldos would begin.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0022.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0022.webp 866w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0022-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0022-768x511.webp 768w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0022-550x365.webp 550w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the night of the 24th, the nativity scene was finally unveiled and, as mentioned earlier, it was a true <strong>outpouring of imagination<\/strong>. The occasion called for the presence of family and friends and included prayers and acts of devotion.<strong> Music and dancing would follow<\/strong>, and since dancing warms you up and sharpens the appetite, dinner was a hearty affair. As you might expect, it also featured more than <strong>a few toasts to the Virgin Mary\u2019s little baby<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In his tradition \u201cThe Month of December in Old Lima\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cervantesvirtual.com\/portales\/ricardo_palma\/apunte_biobibliografico\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">the writer Ricardo Palma<\/a> recounts that <strong>roast suckling pig and tamales were indispensable<\/strong> on the tables of the past. And although both are still enjoyed in many households <strong>today, turkey now appears more often at Christmas dinners<\/strong>. The same goes for champagne or sparkling wine. In earlier times, red wine, sherry and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gob.pe\/institucion\/agn\/noticias\/1078386-el-pisco-tiene-historia-y-raiz-peruana-unesco-certifica-documentos-que-probarian-su-origen-en-el-peru\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">pisco <\/a>were the real stars of the celebration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Three Kings&#8217; Day<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0015-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0015-1.webp 866w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0015-1-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0015-1-768x511.webp 768w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0015-1-550x365.webp 550w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<strong>City of the Kings<\/strong>\u201d was the name <a href=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/en\/top-5-markets-in-lima-you-should-absolutely-visit\/\">Lima<\/a> received when it was founded by the conquistador<a href=\"https:\/\/www.biografiasyvidas.com\/biografia\/p\/pizarro_francisco.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"> Francisco Pizarro<\/a> on 18 January 1535. Those kings were not the Spanish monarchs, but <strong>Melchior, Gaspar and Balthazar<\/strong>, the rulers from the East who, <strong>guided by the Star of Bethlehem<\/strong>, visited the Christ Child a few days after his glorious birth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The closeness of the city\u2019s founding date to the celebration known as the <strong>Three Kings&#8217; Day<\/strong> (6 January) explains the original name of the <a href=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/en\/lima-welcome-to-a-destination-that-will-truly-surprise-you\/\">Peruvian capital<\/a>. That coincidence, combined with the deep religiosity of Lima\u2019s inhabitants, turned the celebration into the perfect closing of the Christmas festivities. As the years and decades passed, however, the Three Kings gradually lost their prominence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although the Metropolitan Municipality still organises an annual re-enactment of the <a href=\"https:\/\/andina.pe\/agencia\/galeria-la-municipalidad-lima-realizo-recreacion-de-bajada-reyes-el-centro-historico-lima-24468.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Three Kings&#8217; Day<\/a>, the custom has almost disappeared from private homes. Those with long memories <strong>recall that horses, elephants and camels<\/strong>\u2014the animals that carried the Kings\u2014were once placed in front of the most elaborate nativity scenes in each neighbourhood. Proudly, homeowners <strong>would throw their doors wide open<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Everyone was welcome. <strong>Chicha de jora and chicha morada were offered,<\/strong> and then three couples were chosen to act as godparents. <strong>They would symbolically \u201cbring down\u201d the Kings<\/strong>, leaving money as they did so. Afterwards, the other figures in the nativity scene were also \u201cbrought down\u201d or, more accurately, removed. <strong>Manuelito was the last to be taken away<\/strong>. That moment was known as the descuelgue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The descuelgue now belongs to the past<\/strong>. It happens\u2014<strong>customs change or reinvent themselves<\/strong>. What remains alive in Lima is the spirit of togetherness and love that lies at <strong>the heart of Christmas.<\/strong> Because beyond the gifts, the dinner and the toasts,<strong> what truly matters is coming together as a family<\/strong> and asking Jesus, the Son of God, to bless and protect us. Merry Christmas to everyone!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0029.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0029.webp 866w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0029-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0029-768x511.webp 768w, https:\/\/freewalkingtourslima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DSC_0029-550x365.webp 550w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Christmas arrived in Peru with the Spanish conquest \u2014 or invasion. It was during those uncertain and confusing times that the idea began to spread of a God who was Father, Son and Holy Spirit. An all-powerful and ever-present God who sent his firstborn, Jesus, to save humanity from sin and guide it towards eternal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3201,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tourism"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Merry Christmas in Lima &amp; Peru - Christmas Eve<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Merry Christmas, Peruvian and Lime\u00f1o style, A journey through the traditions and customs of yesterday and today in Peru.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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